Boolean
MySQL treats 0 as false and 1 (or non-zero) as true in many boolean contexts. A TINYINT(1) column is a common ‘boolean’. TRUE and FALSE are aliases for 1 and 0.
WHERE passed; means WHERE passed <> 0. Prefer WHERE passed = 1 so readers don’t guess.
Trap — storing ‘yes’/‘no’ strings and comparing to TRUE.
On the example next to this theory — Boolean — wHERE combines predicates with AND/OR; LIKE does pattern match.
Exam tip
TINYINT(1) as 0/1. WHERE passed = 1;