len()
len() is built into Python. You do not import it. Freshers only need one honest call and the printed result — not a long definition.
len() — output — 4 then 3. Characters vs list items.
Wrong type often raises TypeError. Empty values matter for bool/all/any. Don’t mix len up with a similar name (sorted vs sort, int vs float).
Exam tip
Call len() once and say what prints.