PHP · Theory

include & require

Theory

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If you can teach include & require (and) using header.php on every page, you know it. If you only know the heading, you don’t.

Keep include & require (and) small. Zara should finish header.php on every page in a few lines, not a 40-line dump.

Without include & require (and), the portal layout gets messy and header.php on every page is hard to trust.

include & require (and) shows up in the portal layout. Name header.php on every page, not “a real-world scenario”.

include & require (and) miss — include vs require on a missing file. Fix it before you talk about advanced PHP.

include & require (and) is not a lonely heading. Zara ties it to header.php on every page.

Viva for include & require (and): what it is → require_once 'header.php' → the mistake (include vs require on a missing file).

Exam tip

For include & require (and): definition + the portal layout + one failure.

<?php
namespace App\\Util;

function add(int $a, int $b): int {
  return $a + $b;
}

echo \App\\Util\\add(2, 3);

include & require — namespaces organize code; require/include pull in files.

Definclude & require (and) — Zara uses it for header.php on every page in the portal layout.
Ruleinclude & require (and) → require_once 'header.php'.
Rememberinclude & require (and) + a .php page (the portal layout).
Useinclude & require (and) in the portal layout (header.php on every page).
Trapinclude & require (and) — include vs require on a missing file.
Exinclude & require (and) → header.php on every page.