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PHP · Theory

Call By Reference

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Theory

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Call By Reference

Call By Reference sits in a campus project. Neha’s job is Call By Reference on Neha's board. Write that first.

Keep Call By Reference small. Neha should finish Call By Reference on Neha's board in a few lines, not a 40-line dump.

Call By Reference exists so Neha can keep Call By Reference on Neha's board correct in a campus project.

Neha ships Call By Reference in a campus project. That is the use case worth saying.

Call By Reference miss — skipping the failure case for Call By Reference. Fix it before you talk about advanced PHP.

Place Call By Reference next to nearby PHP work — one Call By Reference step Neha can write from memory is the link.

Close Call By Reference with: “If I skip it, Call By Reference on Neha's board goes wrong like this: skipping the failure case for Call By Reference.”

Exam tip

For Call By Reference: definition + a campus project + one failure.

Example

<?php
// Call By Reference
$scores = [80, 90, 70];
$avg = array_sum($scores) / count($scores);
echo "avg=" . number_format($avg, 1) . "\n";
foreach ($scores as $s) {
  if ($s >= 80) echo "high: $s\n";
}

Call By Reference: scores array, print avg, then high marks. Say the output.

Short notes

  • DefCall By Reference — Neha uses it for Call By Reference on Neha's board in a campus project.
  • RuleCall By Reference → one Call By Reference step Neha can write from memory.
  • RememberCall By Reference + Apache/Nginx (a campus project).
  • UseCall By Reference in a campus project (Call By Reference on Neha's board).
  • TrapCall By Reference — skipping the failure case for Call By Reference.
  • ExCall By Reference → Call By Reference on Neha's board.

Questions

1

In one breath: what does Call By Reference do for Neha?

2

When would Neha actually reach for Call By Reference?

3

What trap does Neha hit with Call By Reference?

4

Dry-run one Call By Reference step Neha can write from memory and say the result.

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